![]() ![]() Ramsay Hunt syndrome (herpes zoster oticus) occurs when a shingles outbreak affects the facial nerve near one of your ears. Each of these branches provides input to a group of muscles of facial expression. The branches are, from top to bottom: frontal (or temporal), zygomatic, buccal, marginal mandibular, and cervical. The facial nerve has five main branches, although the anatomy can vary somewhat between individuals. How do you pronounce Edinger? What are the 5 facial nerves? The fibers of the oculomotor nerve pass ventrally through the ipsilateral red nucleus and then exit the ventral midbrain along the medial aspect of the cerebral peduncle. The oculomotor nucleus is located at the level of the superior colliculus ventral to the periaqueductal gray matter (Figure 1). It is related medially to the ophthalmic artery and laterally to the lateral rectus muscle. It is situated near the apex of orbit between the optic nerve and lateral rectus muscle. What is the ciliary ganglion?Ĭiliary ganglion is a peripheral parasympathetic ganglion. The nucleus is named for both Ludwig Edinger, from Frankfurt, who demonstrated it in the fetus in 1885, and for Karl Friedrich Otto Westphal, from Berlin, who demonstrated it in the adult in 1887. Why is it called Edinger Westphal nucleus? Two The oculomotor nerve and trochlear nerve are the only two cranial nerves with nuclei in the midbrain, other than the trigeminal nerve, which has a midbrain nucleus called the mesencephalic nucleus of trigeminal nerve, which functions in preserving dentition. Read More: What is the difference between homolog ortholog and paralogs? How many Trochlear nucleus are there? ![]() You may have fourth nerve palsy from birth, or you may develop it later. Other names for it are superior oblique palsy and trochlear nerve palsy. The name for this condition is fourth nerve palsy. What is Trochlear nerve palsy?ĭiseases or injuries to the fourth cranial nerve can cause the superior oblique muscle to be paralyzed. The trochlear nerve provides motor supply to the superior oblique muscle of the eye, The trochlear nerve carries axons of type GSE, general somatic efferent, which innervate skeletal muscle of the superior oblique muscle. Superior rectus muscle – rotates the eyeball backward, looking up Medial rectus muscle – adducts the eye, looking towards your nose What does the Trochlear do?įunction. The oculomotor nerve controls several muscles: Levator palpebrae superioris – raises the upper eyelid. How does the oculomotor nerve move the eye? All except the Lateral Rectus and Superior Oblique). As the name suggests, the oculomotor nerve supplies the majority of the muscles controlling eye movements (4 out of the 6 extracocular muscles. Oculomotor nerve palsy is an eye condition resulting from damage to the third cranial nerve or a branch thereof. Cranial nerve III works with other cranial nerves to control eye movements and support sensory functioning. It allows movement of the eye muscles, constriction of the pupil, focusing the eyes and the position of the upper eyelid. Oculomotor nerve The oculomotor nerve is the third cranial nerve (CN III). The facial nerve provides motor innervation of facial muscles that are responsible for facial expression, parasympathetic innervation of the glands of the oral cavity and the lacrimal gland, and sensory innervation of the anterior two-thirds of the tongue. Read More: What is ion channel gating? How do you pronounce Edinger Westphal? What does the facial nerve supply? Its nerve fibers run into and travel along with the superior aspect of the ipsilateral oculomotor nerve. This nucleus is located both rostral and dorsal to the oculomotor nucleus. The accessory oculomotor nucleus is the site of origin of the preganglionic nerve fibers that enter the orbit with the oculomotor nerve. The fibers travel dorsally and decussate. Midbrain The trochlear nucleus is located in the midbrain, at the level of the inferior colliculus, anterior to the cerebral aqueduct, dorsal to the medial longitudinal fasciculus, and below the oculomotor nucleus 32 (see Figure 12-8). It is located in the midbrain immediately dorsal to the oculomotor nucleus near the level of the superior colliculus, which is why it is often included in the overarching term oculomotor complex. Midbrain The EWpg is what is thought of as the classic ONCsending parasympathetic nerve fibers towards the eye. The Edinger-Westphal nucleus is a small parasympathetic motor nucleus in the midbrain and one of the two nuclei for the oculomotor nerve. Is the oculomotor nerve sympathetic or parasympathetic?.What happens to a patient that has oculomotor nerve palsy?.What are the key nerves of the face and neck?.Why is it called Edinger Westphal nucleus?.How does the oculomotor nerve move the eye?. ![]()
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